Rights?

There is much talk about human rights in the present age.

But there is little talk of duty.

What good is it if a man presses his rights, but forgets his duty towards his fellow citizens? He is no better than the Pharisees who were condemned by the Lord, Jesus Christ, who said to them, “All too well you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. For Moses said, ‘Honour your father and your mother’; and, ‘He who curses father or mother, let him be put to death.’ But you say, ‘If a man says to his father or mother, “Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban”‘ (that is, a gift to God), then you no longer let him do anything for his father or his mother, making the word of God of no effect through your tradition which you have handed down.” (Mark 7:9-13 NKJV)

By applying the law of rights – I have a right to do what I like with my money – the Pharisee, or indeed anyone who wished to do so, was able to lay aside his duty to provide care for his parents. All too often we press our rights without thinking of the consequences for others. Better to be wronged surely than deprive another of his rights or to fail to do your duty! The apostle Paul writing to the Corinthian church, where people were all too ready to press their rights, said: Now therefore, it is already an utter failure for you that you go to law against one another. Why do you not rather accept wrong? Why do you not rather let yourselves be cheated? No, you yourselves do wrong and cheat, and you do these things to your brethren! (1 Corinthians 6:7-9 NKJV)

What of the conflict of rights? What of the right to smoke? If such a right, to slowly destroy oneself, could possibly exist. Does this right not conflict with a right to clean air? I do not doubt that it would not be difficult to come up with a list of rights that conflict with one another on a very practical level, but also much more seriously on an ethical and moral level.

When we arrived in Winnipeg early in the evening we heard others speaking about going to visit the cathedral. Looking around we saw a cathedral like structure not far from the station. Could that be it? It looked like a cathedral. As we walked towards the bridge which passed nearby, we saw that indeed it was a cathedral, in a very secular sense of that word, for it was a museum to the god of the post modern age, Human Rights. Men fall down at the feet of this god, as if he must always be satisfied, whatever the outcome may be, and whatever common sense might say. Human Rights must be obeyed even if the granting of a right to one deprives another of a right. Who is granted and who is deprived depends more upon the ephemeral wishes of public opinion, or perhaps more upon the wishes of the liberal elite, rather than objective truth, so rather than human rights being granted, we are subject to the tyranical rule of the new despots of liberalism.

I have no wish to belittle the importance of rights, but to come back to the words of the Lord, rights cannot relieve us of our duties. The duty of the king to protect his people must at times mean that he will deny some of his people their rights. A man may have a right to family life, but if that man is a danger to the king’s other subjects, then it is the duty of the king to deprive him of his rights for the protection of his people. The king’s duty trumps the rights of the individual.

I do not think for one moment that this is popular teaching! Our response to a rebellion in the middle east shows that the West has lost its direction in this regard. Rather than supporting the king in his efforts to do his duty and maintain peace for his people, just because we disagreed with the king, we encouraged the rebels. Did we not think! Or did we naïvely think that by replacing one ‘rights’ violator we would not end up with another ‘rights’ violator?

There is a better museum of human rights to be found in Winnipeg than this monstrosity. In the grounds of St Boniface’s cathedral just a short walk from the CMHR, there is a pastiche, though a very serious pastiche, on the theme of the tomb of the unknown soldier. A young women leans forlornly on a marble grave stone. It is not clear whether she is the mother or the child, but whether she is the mother of the child she is one of whom the grave stone speaks eloquently, but silently, in French and in English:

  • À la memoire des victimes de l’avortement
  • In memory of the victims of abortion

The right to life has in our (post)-modern (so called) world been trumped by the right to do as you please with your own body. The mother is persuaded by the abortionist that the cathedral of her womb may expel the bishop whenever she wishes, after all it is her body, not the body of another. And so we prove that we are no better than the Spartans, and certainly no less cruel.

The sign outside the CMHR suggests that it is both a keeper of the past and a beacon for the future. As keeper of the past, then perhaps one can only suggest that it keeps the past so well that compassion has been lost within her. Of what use is compassion in a world dominated by rights!

For my part, there is only one thing that can follow a claim to be keeper of the past and beacon of the future – a folly of the present. Oh that men may see that the Lord who made the heavens and the earth, desires righteousness above rights, and compassion from and towards humanity.

The prophet Micah made this plain when he spoke out: Hear now what the LORD says:… He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God? (6:8)

My parable of the banker shows whereup, when rights trump duty, we can end.

I suppose I should let the CMHR speak for itself. Without contradicting what I said above they do some good. What is a pity is that the doctrine to which they hold, not being derived from Biblical teaching, leads them at times to reach the wrong conclusions.

Questions?

Ultimately the question is not going to be: Did you hate Britain?

Questions, questions, questions!

Are there too many questions?
Why can’t a bicycle stand up? It’s too tyred
What does a clock do when it is hungry? Go back for seconds.

Have you heard about – or seen – The man who sued God?

Who can tell me what it is about in one sentence?
Might this is have been modelled on Job?

Let me tell you about one man who wanted to sue God, and then another time about another one.

So first of all we shall consider Job.

Job was very upset with God, and demanded an audience. Listen to him:
Job 23:1-8 (or so) Where is he! Why doesn’t he answer?

I suppose we could ask those questions, couldn’t we, when things are not going right, when we consider what a mess the world is in?

How should God answer Job?
Should God tell him what he is doing?
Should God tell him why he is doing it?

God has something different in mind to what we might think.
God wants Job to get the big picture right first,
then he might begin to understand the detail:

Job 38 God starts to ask Job questions.
Job 40 He shows Job just how irrational he is being.
How Job contradicts himself in making his complaint:
If Job is right, then God is wrong (v8).
If God is wrong how can Job expect a fair hearing?

Job gets the picture Job 42:5

What happened to Job?
His outlook was turned around! He got a new way of looking at things.
Nothing changed overnight for Job, but he certainly saw things differently.

It is the same for us – when we come to Jesus,
he changes the way we look at things,
he changes our way of thinking.
We become new creatures in him.

If any man be in Christ he is a new creature. Old things have passed away, and all has become ´new. (2 Corinthians 5:17)

Scoffer?

Are you ready for the day that is coming?

Do you wait for Jesus Christ?

Coco has already tried to turn your thoughts to four people who met Jesus. For three of them it was a life changing experience. The Bible tells us that a day is coming when all men will meet him. Rev 1:7 – Behold he is coming with clouds and every eye will see him, they also who pierced him. Coco has more to say about that day another time, but for now, let us think about the fact of his coming.

Peter tells us that even in his day men scoffed at the idea that Jesus Christ would return to this world and bring it to an end. 2 Peter 3:3-4. We have plenty of men around today who scorn this whole idea, and prefer to believe in the fables of what pretends to be science, but is really just old fashioned atheism wearing different colours.

But do you know God has left us plenty of evidence that Jesus will return, quite apart from what is written in the Bible where we have for example, in his own words:

The Son of man is coming at an hour you do not expect him. Matthew 24:44

And the testimony of the angels after went into heaven: This Jesus who was taken up into heaven from you will come in a similar way as you saw him go into heaven. Acts 1:11

In the same place that Peter reminds us about the scoffers he goes on to remind his readers about Noah’s flood. The great flood that covered the whole of this planet about five thousand years ago. Only a little while ago we heard about and saw the results of a tidal wave spreading out across the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. The flood that caused brought devastation and disaster to millions of people. But that was a small flood compared with this one. You may also have heard recently – Coco doesn’t know how widely it has been published – about a meteorite of immense proportions which crashed into the gulf of Mexico thousands of years ago. Some scientists have been able to identify the effects of this strike, before which the recent one in SEA becomes insignificant. Quite how they do this amazes Coco! Huge amounts of water were thrown out of the Gulf onto the adjacent land as well as sending tsunami out. The water dragged fossil bearing rock off the land and into the sea and left behind mud deposits now solidified as much as 15 feet thick. But again that was little compared with the great global flood which destroyed life on this planet and left mud deposits all over the world thousands of feet thick. They are what we call the sedimentary rocks.

But Peter tells us: Men wilfully forget this, that the heavens and earth were made of old by the Word of God, and that that world perished being flooded with water.

Every – well so far as Coco is aware – culture has a record of this flood. They differ in the details which is to be expected having been embellished or corrupted as they were passed down. It is good for us that we have had a written record of it preserved. The Bablyonians have a record. The people of South America have a record. The ancient Greeks had a memory of Atlantis, the lost city that perished in the sea.

But men wilfully forget this. They deny the flood despite the abundant evidence for it, in the history and culture of men and in the very rocks of which the surface of this planet it made.

Why do they deny this? Because if this flood did take place, if God did judge the world by water, then they must also acknowledge that he is coming again to judge the world the next time by fire.

If there was a flood, and there was, then there is a judgement to come. We do not know when it will be, but coming it is. Are we ready for it? There is only one who can prepare us – the judge is also the saviour who died for our sins to put us right with God. If we are right with God the judgement will pass us by.

The day

Dies iræ!

Dies illa solvet sæclum in favilla

We have thought about four men¹ who met God and how God dealt with them. One day we must all meet God. The Bible says: Prepare to meet your God². I want to tell you something about that day – not very much as we don’t have time to look at it all this evening – because we need to be ready for it. So three brief things: The day is coming. The day is dreadful. The day is unknown.

The day is coming.

Just is case we are in any doubt about it when Jesus tells us about this day that is coming, he reminds us of another day when God judged the earth. Jesus told us: But as the days of Noah were, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. For as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, and did not know until the flood came and took them all away, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be³.

The last time⁴ I stood here I told you about the flood that covered the whole earth about five thousand years ago. There is ample evidence that that happened. We have no doubt about it. So we can be just as sure that the day is coming when everyone will meet Jesus. There will be no choice about it. Jesus tells us that there is much in common between the day the flood came and the day that he will return.

So we know that he is coming.

What is the day like? The day is dreadful.

In the same part of Matthew’s gospel⁵ we read: the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they will gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.

It is a terrible description of what the day will be like when we shall all meet Jesus. In another place⁶ we read: I looked when he opened the sixth seal, and behold, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became like blood. And the stars of heaven fell to the earth, as a fig tree drops its late figs when it is shaken by a mighty wind. Then the sky receded as a scroll when it is rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved out of its place. And the kings of the earth, the great men, the rich men, the commanders, the mighty men, every slave and every free man, hid themselves in the caves and in the rocks of the mountains, and said to the mountains and rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of him who sits on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb! For the great day of his wrath has come, and who is able to stand?”

On that day men will search desperately for somewhere to hide from God. But they will not find any where. Men know that have made him angry, and know that when they meet him they will have to answer for what they have done wrong, so they will try to find any possible means to escape – even preferring to be crushed under falling rocks than have to face the judgement but it will be no use.

God holds out the way of escape for us now. Jesus has paid the price for our sins. Jesus has been judged for us. Jesus has taken away God’s anger for us. Will we take what he offers?

So then the day is coming, and it is a dreadful day. The day is unknown.

And finally there is nothing that men can do about it, either to bring it forward or to put it back, for the day is not known to us. Only God the Father knows when that day will come. Jesus told us: But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but my Father only⁷.

It could be tonight. It could be next week. It could be in a hundred years time, or a thousand. We do not know. We do not know how long God has given this earth, just as we do not know how long each one of us has to live here. Jesus said: Watch therefore, for you do not know what hour your Lord is coming. But know this, that if the master of the house had known what hour the thief would come, he would have watched and not allowed his house to be broken into. Therefore you also be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect.⁸

The day is coming. It is a dreadful day. The day is unknown. We do not know when. So we need to be ready now. And the only way to be ready is to find a new life in Jesus Christ. To turn to him and away from your sins, asking him to help you live a new life for him. God grant that we might be ready for the return of the Lord Jesus, and not be taken away like those who were taken away by the flood.

But as the days of Noah were, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. For as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, and did not know until the flood came and took them all away, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. Then two men will be in the field: one will be taken and the other left. Two women will be grinding at the mill: one will be taken and the other left.⁹

Pray God that you be not among those who are taken but among those who are left.


¹ See JobPaul and two thieves
² Therefore thus will I do to you, O Israel; because I will do this to you, prepare to meet your God, O Israel! Amos 4:12
³ And as it was in the days of Noah, so it will be also in the days of the Son of Man: They ate, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them all. Luke 17:25-28
⁴ Scoffers
⁵ Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they will gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. Matthew 24:29-31
⁶ I looked when he opened the sixth seal, and behold, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became like blood. And the stars of heaven fell to the earth, as a fig tree drops its late figs when it is shaken by a mighty wind. Then the sky receded as a scroll when it is rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved out of its place. And the kings of the earth, the great men, the rich men, the commanders, the mighty men, every slave and every free man, hid themselves in the caves and in the rocks of the mountains, and said to the mountains and rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of him who sits on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb! For the great day of his wrath has come, and who is able to stand? Revelation 6:12-7:1
⁷ But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. Mark 13:32
⁸ Therefore you also be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect. Luke 12:40
⁹ And as it was in the days of Noah, so it will be also in the days of the Son of Man: They ate, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them all. Likewise as it was also in the days of Lot: They ate, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they built; but on the day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven and destroyed them all. Even so will it be in the day when the Son of Man is revealed. In that day, he who is on the housetop, and his goods are in the house, let him not come down to take them away. And likewise the one who is in the field, let him not turn back. Remember Lot’s wife. Whoever seeks to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life will preserve it. I tell you, in that night there will be two men in one bed: the one will be taken and the other will be left. Two women will be grinding together: the one will be taken and the other left. Two men will be in the field: the one will be taken and the other left. Luke 17:26-36

Christians persecuted by Islamists, says Prince Charles

This post has been obtained from an external source which does not permit its pages to be embedded here (at least Coco had not successfully found a way to do it), it has been necessary to take a suitably edited version of the original page to embed here. As a consequence updates made by the writer may not appear here. If you find anything that is different in a significant manner, please notify Coco using the comments section below. Thank you.

Wenn außerhalb Paris?

If you know nothing of chocolate, this is not for you.

Amboise

Wenn man in Frankreich aber außerhalb Paris sei….

Die Menschen, wer mein anderen Artikel „Reisen“ gelesen haben, kennen des Haus Angelina, die in die Straße von Rivoli ist. Aber, wenn man in Frankreich sei, sondern außerhalb Paris, wo kann man fahren um güte Schokolade zu finden? Fahren Sie nach Amboise!

Als wir in Amboise waren, besuchten wir die echte Platz.

Wir waren im königlichen Palast Amboise, wo ich ein Traum hatte. In meinem Traum sah ich die Königin Maria-Antoinette. Sie war an den Mauern dieses Schloß, und als sie herum ging, sie zufällig Bigot zu sehen war.

Darunter den hundertmeternhoch Mauern war die Gestalt des kleines Häuslein des Bigot, wer im Jahr 1913 ⃰ gegründet war.

Maria-Antoinette freute sich es zu bemerken. Und sie sprache in seiner Wonne: „O dass ich eine Kerlin wäre; ich wolle nicht hier bleiben müssen. Ich könne im Haus Bigot gehen.“ Und als sein Entzücken so gross wachset, in seinem Herz die Gedachten hemmungslos wild werden: „O dass ich Flügel hätte wie die Taube; ich würde von diesem Mauern fliegen, bis ich Schokolade fände! Und hin, hin aus diesen Palast, wolle ich mein Erfüllung in Bigot machen werden.“

Der Abschluß ist klar. Wenn man in Amboise sei, gehen Sie auf den Palast um das sehr geehrten, echten Haus an die Ecke zu finden. Bigot nennet sich ein Salon de Thé. Bigot ist nicht nur ein Haus, sondern ein Palast des königlichen Schokolade.

⃰ Marie-Antoinette war während des Französisch Revolution im Jahr 1793 hingerichtet.

Crucified?

Two men met God. One walked away.

Luke 23:39ff¹ & elsewhere

I want to take you to look at two more men who met with Jesus. We have already looked at two religious men, Job and Paul².

Job was a consciencious religious man, full of good works and prosperous. The archetypal nice man for whom no-one would ever have a bad word.

Paul was a religious man, but a fanatic. From what we know of him he would have not been out of place in the streets of the middle east today.

Both of them needed to change their way of thinking and it took an encounter with God to do that.

The men we look at now are very different kinds of men. The only people who would have mourned over the loss of two men we consider tonight would have been their two mothers. They were criminals and robbers. They were crucified with Jesus.

Can you imagine what it is like to be crucified? Can you imagine the screams of these men as they were hung and nailed onto their crosses next to Jesus? I cannot imagine that they were careful about the language that they used. Jesus was put up first however, and they would have heard, or rather perhaps not heard him, for he was led as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before he shearers he opened not his mouth. What a contrast there would have been between the Lord’s behaviour and that of these two men in the face of their executioners.

But as they hung there and as they listened, they heard what other people were saying about Jesus. Someone in the crowd cried out: He saved others let him save himself. Come down from the cross! So they shouted out to him as well: You! Christ! Save us! Their language was blasphemous in every way. The world was glad to be rid of them.

But as they hung there one of them noticed something different. He saw that Jesus did not deserve to die and his attitude changed. Not only his attitude, but his language changed as well. He spoke to the other man – listen to his words: Don’t you fear God, as you are under the same sentence? It is right for us to be punished; we are getting what we deserve, but this man has done nothing wrong!

We don’t know what else the thief knew of Jesus but while he hung on his own cross he changed his attitude towards him. He saw who Jesus is, and now submits to him. He turned to Jesus and asked for nothing more than to be remembered: Lord, remember me when you come into your kingdom.

What a change! The man had done nothing good. He deserved what he was getting and he knew it. Little did he expect what the Lord would say to him then: Yes, today you will be with me in paradise.

He was a changed man, but there was no time for him to make amends and change his way of life. He was about to die. The cross would soon get him. Later in the day the soldiers would break his legs to hasten his death – if he had survived that long. But he committed himself to Jesus and Jesus tells him: Today you will be with me in paradise. It is not the good that we do that will take us to heaven. He could do none. It is the death of Jesus Christ for our sins that gets us there.

The other thief was not changed. He cursed and blasphemed to the last.

Two men met Jesus. Both were rubbish as far as society was concerned, but one of them was changed – and he committed himself to Jesus and Jesus took him into his kingdom.

We are in the same boat as those two. We have done wrong. We have blasphemed and cursed God. We deserve to die and must die, and there is nothing we can do about it to change it or make amends.

We all need to be changed – and it is in being changed – being born again – that we commit ourselves to Jesus and because he died, not because he deserved it, but for our sins, he takes us to heaven.

Where do we stand? With the thief who gave himself to Jesus? Or still outside?

¹ And an inscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: This is the king of the Jews. Then one of the criminals who were hanged blasphemed him, saying, “If you are the Christ, save yourself and us.” But the other, answering, rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.” Then he said to Jesus, “Lord, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” And Jesus said to him, “Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.” Luke 23:37-43
² See JobPaul and two thieves

Don’t eat chocolate!


!The Hub
It was curiously overheard the other day:
Don’t eat chocolate!
Chocolate.jpg
Get the lowdown on what our people think about chocolate
Join the Discussion · 5 comments
Why eat chocolate when there are so many alternatives
A few interesting and more healthy alternatives to chocolate

By Coco · France
Vegetables, especially green vegetables provide excellent nourishment, vitamins and micronutrients
220px-Veggies.jpg

By Xocolatl  · Mexico
Whilst potatoes have a very pretty flower, they contain significant amounts of starch so should be avoided unless a high calorie intake is required.
Potato_flowers.jpg

By Schokolade  · Deutschland
Fruits are considered to be an excellent food source containing many vitamins and importantly necessary sugars.
Culinary_fruits_front_view.jpg

By θεοβραμα  · ΄Ελλας
We must however remember that, as with the potato, whilst the lemon tree very pretty and lemon flower is sweet the fruit of the poor lemon is impossible to eat despite the obvious benefits that, as a fruit, it brings to the body.
220px-P1030323.JPG

首被   平原的管家 · 中华人民共和国
不要忘了榴莲 – 花色淡黄,果实大小如足球,果皮坚实,密生三角形刺,果肉是由假种皮的肉包组成,肉色淡黄,粘性多汁,酥软味甜,吃起来有冰淇淋的口感。 有一等臭果,若臭牛肉之臭,内有粟子大酥白肉十四五块,甚甜美好吃,中有子可炒吃,其味如栗。 
[Don’t forget the durian – colour yellow, as big as a football, thick prickly peel, rich flesh-coloured yellow, sticky, juicy, sweet like eating warm melted ice cream. It is a first-class smelly fruit, like the foul smell of beef. There are big white pieces of meaty flesh in each pod – five to fourteen – which is said very sweet and delicious, even the child may have it  fried. Its flavour is such as Li (untranslatable).]
220px-Durian.jpg

Truffles as the currency of the new economy
By Chocolat · Français
It is well known that truffles provide absolutely have no nutritional value, nevertheless they command such a high premium both for the ability to absorb flavours in some varieties and in others provide sweet and pungent aromas and tastes of their own in a wide range of culinary dishes. Indeed the esteem which they command has led to the consideration that in the new economy gripping southern Europe, the varieties grown in Greece being especially favoured, they could become the currency of choice to replace the euro.
220px-Truffe_noire_du_Périgord.jpg

Chocoholicism and the Federation
By Choco · USoA
Enough! Everyone knows that addiction to chocolate is no bar to enjoying good food and life. Why I spend an inordinate amount of time, though probably far less than they do in actual preparation, thinking about the wonderful array of victuals one could produce using the items mentioned by, should I say by my colleagues, above but then I reconsider. Should I spend time doing that, or simply enjoy what helps you work, rest and play? The conclusion is obvious.
120px-Cadbury-Buttons.jpg120px-Mars_bar_bitten.jpg120px-Lindt_bunnies_2.jpg120px-Cadbury_eggs.jpg120px-Cadbury-Bournville.jpg 

Truffles
By PureChocolate · NR
Truffles may be being cited as the new global currency, but if there is one reason why one should not eat chocolate, and there is only one, it is that truffles are available. Of course these are not that variety of fungus found by pigs in the roots of trees, but those that have been carefully and lovingly prepared from the roasted, cured and fermented beans of the cacao plant. These beans are the very θεοβραμα as my Greek friend should know, which are full of the most nutritious (Cocoa solids contain alkaloids such as theobromine, phenethylamine and caffeine. These have physiological effects on the body and are linked to serotonin levels in the brain. Some research found that chocolate, eaten in moderation, can lower blood pressure and eaten in therapeutic doses will reduce stress and enhance pleasure) content that ever the world knew.

So, go on. Don’t eat chocolate – eat truffles.800px-Bowl_of_truffles.jpg    
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Norway’s secret

The northern passage

It is well known that an important ingredient in Norwegian culinary preparations is chocolate, but what are the origins of this practice?

We have to delve deeply into the oral traditions of the Lapp and Inuit peoples for the answer.

A typical traditional recipe (Finnbiff – Reinsdyrgryte – Reindeer Stew) prepared for the Norwegian palette may be as follows:

20oz reinsskav
5oz bacon sliced
3oz goat’s cheese
1 carrot, chopped
2 sticks of celery, chopped
1 onion, chopped
2 or 3 cacao beans roasted, cured and finely ground
sufficent red wine
1 gill milk
2 gill rømme
7oz mushrooms, sliced
5 juniper berries, lightly crushed
5 cowberries
1 bay leaf
1oz fine meal for thickening

It is often thought that chocolate was introduced into the diet of Europeans only after the discovery of the New World by Columbus in 1492. But if this is the case, how is it that we do not find the same culinary use of chocolate in the kitchens of southern Europeans, by whom we include anyone who lives south of the coastline of the nordic countries, excluding Denmark? In the deep south of Europe garlic takes the place of chocolate and as we move further north onions slowly replace garlic as a favoured flavouring in many recipes. Is it merely then a matter of geography, and what grows well in the different climes? Well, it is fairly obvious that it is not the case. The cacao plant from whose bean chocolate is derived is no more suitable for growing in the Nordic regions than it was in the Aztec empire, which also had to import it from their neighbours.

Looking into oral traditions we find however that long before the southern Europeans ever dreamed about opening up the northwest passage, there was a northern trade route much like the Silk road across Asia. The trade route was not always accessible, but when it was it provided a valuable resource in the northern regions and the route along which the beans of the cacao plant were able to travel.

The ancient Lapp peoples, just as other ancient nations, conducted trade for resources which they could not otherwise obtain, across sometimes difficult and dangerous terrains, though terrain is not an entirely accurate representation of the northern passage. One of their near neighbours are the Inuit people of what is now Canada. As soon as the northern passage became available they would be able to cross the ice and exchange valuable commodities for what they saw as a far more valuable commodity, the fruit of the cacao plant. In many ways this trade was similar to the spice trade, in particular of cloves, conducted between Europe and the East Indies.

The northern passage was formidable in its difficulty and the dangers it presented. The traders who used it could have been forgiven for giving up at any point to return back to their homes, but they were driven on by the lingering memories of the delicate and pungeant aromas of roasting and curing beans which filled the air during the dark winter months.

Arriving among the Inuit people trade would begin. The Inuit had prepared for this day by obtaining sacks of beans from their southern neighbours the Cree, who in turn had obtained the supplies from the Hopituh Shinumu (Hopi) and their neighbours just north of Mexico. The Lapps never met the Cree, except perhaps for the odd individual who had taken up residence among the Inuit, but that was a rare occurance. Such were the hardships of life among the Inuit, the Cree, who for the most part were nomadic, preferred to move south in the winter to follow the flocks and herds on which they depended, and few there were who would remain in the north for when the Lapp traders would arrive.

The Cree did not understand why anyone would be so keen to obtain the beans, which they considered to be quite disgusting. They had themselves sought to use the beans as food, but the methods of preparation used gave them the impression that they were not eating food but the ground in which the food grew! If ever, in their minds, a fruit deserved the name ground nut, then the fruit of the cacao plant did. If the beans were not good for food, of what use were they?

The Hopi had tried to explain to them that there was a people to the south, the Aztecs, who, so it was rumoured made a drink out of the bean, which was considered to be most desirable and indeed the chief drink among the rulers of that people. The Cree listened politely and bought the beans anyway. In the minds of the Cree, the story about the Aztecs, was probably nothing more than a marketing ploy to talk up the value of the beans. But the Inuit were prepared to pay well for good quality supplies of beans, so as spring came the Cree would travel north with their precious cargo of beans to exchange them for pelts, oils, and most prized of all the dried fish which provided an essential supplement to their diet.

The Inuit in turn would carefully store the beans over the summer whilst they awaited the arrival of the Lapps later that year when the northern passage once again became passable.

Histerical noteOver the years 1519 to 1525 the price of the cacao beans to the Hopi fell. News had begun to reach the Hopi of the arrival of ‘popoloca’ among the Carib people a few years earlier and there was much speculation as to whom these people were. They then heard that the popoloca had been the cause of some serious disruption in the Aztec empire which had reduced the demand for beans from those who had previously paid tribute to the Aztec rulers. The greater availabilty of beans therefore reduced the price. They sought to retain the old trading levels with the Cree, but the news could not be held back indefinitely and eventually the price fell. This was good news for the Lapps, but meant that profits from the trade fell for the American merchants, even though the quantity of beans traded increased. In 1585 the situation appeared to reverse. There was suddenly a shortage of suitable beans. The following year few beans could be obtained. The Lapps obtained their last major shipments from the crop which had originally been harvested in 1585 in the winter of 1586 and which they subsequently delivered home in the spring of 1587. Thereafter only very small quantities, and at a very high price, were available. Some years later news filtered across the European continent to the Lapps through the Norwegians that in Spain, and a few other parts of southern Europe, the nobility, princes and rulers were drinking a liquor called chocolatl, which was made from the ground, roasted and fermented beans of the cocoa plant found in the newly discovered meso-america. It was considered to be a most desirable drink and endowed with considerable medicinal properties. Extraordinary, they thought.